纯蒙脱石吸附Zn~（2＋）的研究

[目的]探索纯蒙脱石处理含锌废水的因素与效果。[方法]从蒙脱石提纯入手,进行纯蒙脱石处理含锌废水的试验研究,探讨纯蒙脱石对含锌废水处理效果的影响因素,确定纯蒙脱石去除水中Zn2＋的工艺条件,并研究纯蒙脱石对Zn2＋的吸附等温曲线。[结果]纯蒙脱石对含锌废水处理效果主要受振荡速度、吸附时间、溶液pH值和投加量等因素影响。温度为30℃时纯蒙脱石对Zn2＋的吸附等温曲线更符合Langmuir方程和BET方程,相关系数均为0.986 9,最大吸附容量39.00 mg/g。在该试验条件下,纯蒙脱石对水中Zn2＋（20ml,Zn2＋浓度均为50 mg/L）达到最佳去除效果时的工艺条件为：振荡速度150 r/min,吸附时间60 min,溶液pH值6.10,此条件下Zn2＋去除率达到85.3%。[结论]该研究为应用蒙脱石开发污水处理新材料提供了科学依据。     

基因组单核苷酸多态性图谱构建方法研究进展

为了获得高质量的金标孕酮单抗,通过采用柠檬酸三钠还原法,制备出符合要求的30 nm胶体金溶液,在此基础上摸索胶体金标记孕酮单克隆抗体的最佳条件,并对其进行质量鉴定。结果发现,用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备的30 nm胶体金溶液呈深红色,透射电镜观察,胶体金颗粒大小基本一致;胶体金标记孕酮单克隆抗体的最低稳定浓度为16 μg/mL,最适稳定浓度为19.2 μg/ mL,最适标记pH为8.5。制备的金标抗体复合物经电镜观察,周围有一层明显的低电子密度晕圈,且其D_{520 nm}值在0.2~0.4之间。     

蒙脱土-DDAC复合防腐剂处理杨木的性能及表征

为了提高人工林杨木的力学性能和耐腐性,采用蒙脱土(MMT)-二癸基二甲基氯化铵(DDAC)复合防腐剂(ODP),通过满细胞法处理杨木试材,分析了防腐处理材的增重率、DDAC保持量、有机蒙脱土(OMMT)在木材内部的分布、横纹抗压强度和耐腐性。结果表明:OMMT的引入使试材增重率增加,DDAC保持量下降;OMMT绝大部分以颗粒存在于木材导管腔中,部分尺寸较小的颗粒和剥离片层可以通过纹孔,很难进入细胞壁;ODP处理材的横纹抗压强度比蒸馏水处理材提高了27%;相对于DDAC处理材,ODP处理材的耐腐性比单组分DDAC处理材好。     

亲水胶体抗馒头老化效果的研究

馒头的老化是制约馒头工业化进程的一个关键问题。采用单因素试验和正交试验,研究3种亲水胶体(黄原胶、海藻酸钠、卡拉胶)对馒头制品在温度4℃贮存下的抗老化效果。试验结果表明,黄原胶、海藻酸钠和卡拉胶对馒头均有一定的抗老化效果。通过正交试验,得到抗馒头老化效果较好的3种胶体复配比例为:黄原胶添加量为0.15%,海藻酸钠添加量为0.05%,卡拉胶添加量为0.15%。     

新疆棕漠土无机胶体对Cu2+的吸附特征研究

选用采自新疆阿克苏地区典型的棕漠土壤,用模拟吸附方法研究棕漠土无机胶体在不同阴阳离子作用下对Cu2 的吸附特征,得出:棕漠土无机胶体对铜的等温吸附曲线可以用Langmuir等温方程式拟合,解吸后,铜在胶体内的残余量与加入溶液的浓度呈很好的一次函数关系;随着加入支持电解质浓度的增加,胶体对铜的吸附量逐渐减少;不同电解质溶液对土壤无机胶体吸附铜的影响不一样,在Cl-存在下,对铜竞争吸附的影响K >NH4 >Na ;当支持电解质阳离子浓度相同时,阴离子对胶体吸附铜的影响都为SO42->Cl-     

Structure and characterization of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) wood/MMT intercalation nanocomposite (WMNC)

With water-soluble phenol-formaldehyde resin as an intermediate, Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) wood/montmorillonite nanocomposite (WMNC) was prepared through vacuum impregnation and characterized with XRD, SEM, FTIR and TG-DTA analyses. The XRD analysis indicated that the wood crystallinity of WMNC decreased, the MMT exfoliated and some nano silicate layers entered into the non-crystallized microfibrillar region of the wood cell wall. Wood structure is anisotropic and its impregnation is anisotropic. Due to the nonuniformity of the MMT organic modification, PF intercalation and wood impregnation, the MMT configuration and distribution in wood were diverse. The SEM graphs of WMNC showed that some silicate grains were blocked in the wood cell lumen, some silicate layers adhered to the inner surface of the wood cell wall, and some exfoliated MMT layers even penetrated the wood cell wall. The obtained hydroxyl of WMNC increased and its ether linking decreased. It was considered that MMT and wood interacted not only with hydroxyl bonds, but also involved some chemical linking. Compared with untreated wood and the PF-impreg, the pyrolysis process of WMNC changed; its starting decomposing temperature decreased and its pyrolysis weight loss at high temperatures greatly decreased. The WMNC indicated certain nanoeffects of the composition of the inorganic MMT nanolamellae. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2007, 29(1): 131–135 [译自: 北京林业大学学报]     

DDAC改性蒙脱土-木材复合材料的应力松弛

以二癸基二甲基氯化铵(DDAC)为蒙脱土的改性剂及中间介质,通过真空浸注制备蒙脱土-木材复合材料(MWC),分析不同处理方式试材的增重率、应力松弛和X射线衍射(XRD)表征。结果表明:MWC的增重率基本随着处理液中蒙脱土质量分数的增加而增加,并在有机蒙脱土(OMMT)为7%时,达到最大值;MWC的应力松弛性质发生了明显的变化,其中OMMT的质量分数对MWC应力松弛有较大的影响,质量分数为3%的处理液所处理试件的应力松弛量最小;木材的含水率状态对MWC的应力松弛性能的影响很大,饱水状态与绝干、气干状态相比较,其应力松弛量最大,绝干状态的应力松弛变化曲线最缓慢;蒙脱土未能充分进入到木材内部,但是进入到木材表面空隙或极少量进入到木材内部空隙的蒙脱土对杉木的应力松弛性能产生很大的影响。     

纳米载铜蒙脱石对生长肥育猪生产性能

摘要：试验旨在研究日粮中添加纳米载铜蒙脱石对生长育肥猪生产性能及血液生化指标的影响。选取72头健康“杜×大×长”三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复8头(公母各半)。分别饲喂基础日粮（对照组）、基础日粮+20 mg/kg泰乐菌素+100 mg/kg磺胺二甲基嘧啶(SM2)（试验Ⅰ组）和基础日粮+1500 mg/kg纳米载铜蒙脱石（MMT-Cu）（试验Ⅱ组）。比较研究MMT-Cu和泰乐菌素＋磺胺二甲基嘧啶对生长肥育猪生产性能及血液生化指标的影响。结果表明,与对照组和试验Ⅰ组相比,试验Ⅱ组料重比、血清ALB、SUN、Ch、TP含量极显著下降(P<0.01);血钙含量、GTP活性极显著提高（P<0.01）;TP和GLU含量显著下降 (P<0.05)。因此,纳米载铜蒙脱石提高了生长肥育猪的料重比,并对血清中ALB 、Ca、GPT、SUN、TG、Ch、TP、GLU均产生不同程度的影响。     

Influence of Montmoriilonite Nanocomposite on Tissue Levels of Lead and Blood Biochemical Parameters in Pigs Exposed to Lead1

ABSTRACT： Eighteen （Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire） castrated boars, 55 days of age and weig- hing approximately 19 kg, were used to investigate the effects of montmorillonite nanocomposite on tissue levels of lead as well as changes in blood biochemical parameters in pigs fed lead contaminated diets. The barrows were randomly assigned to one of three treat- ments （n = 6） including a control which were fed a basal diet based on corn and soybean meal. The re- maining two groups were fed the basal diet supple- mented with 10 mg/kg lead either with or without 0.5% montmorillonite nanocomposite for 50 days. Pigs treated with lead had significantly increased lev- els of lead in their tissues. Lead accumulated in all tis- sues of the body with the highest accumulation found in the hair. When montmorillonite nanocomposite was given along with lead, tissue concentrations of lead did not differ from the control. Fecal excretion of leadincreased significantly in lead-exposed pigs treated with montmorillonite nanocomposite. A progressive and appreciable accumulation of lead was seen in blood with a concomitant increase in zinc protopor- phyrin levels during the course of treatment. Howev- er, zinc protoporphyrin levels did not differ from the control when montmorillonite nanocomposite was ad- ministered along with lead. The activity of ~-amino le- vulinic acid dehydratase in blood was significantly in- creased in lead treated pigs compared with the con- trol. However, in pigs treated with lead and montmo- riltonite nanocomposite in combination, the activity of δ-amino levulinic acid dehydratase was similar to con- trol pigs. Our results indicate that montmorillonite nanocomposite treatment of pigs exposed to lead re- suited in reduced lead concentrations in body tissues. It appears that montmorillonite nanocomposite func- tions by increasing fecal excretion of lead.     

土壤胶体对砂质土柱中草萘胺迁移的影响

采用室内砂柱模拟试验方法研究了红壤和黑土两种土壤胶体对草萘胺在砂质土柱中迁移的影响.结果表明,整个淋滤过程中红壤和黑土胶体的回收率比较高,分别达到66.76%和74.75%;胶体促进了草萘胺在砂质土柱中的迁移,与对照相比(无胶体),加入红壤和黑土胶体后草萘胺的回收率分别提高了9.82%和10.63%.但是吸附在胶体上迁移的草萘胺数量比较少,只占到迁移总量的1.15%(红壤)和1.68%(黑土),物理非平衡机制可能在迁移过程中起支配作用.